Shock

According to medical perspective, Shock can best be defined :-

“It is a clinical syndrome that results from inadequate tissue perfusion, creating an imbalance between the delivery of oxygen and nutrients needed to support cellular function.”

• Shock affects all body systems. It may develop rapidly or slowly,
depending on the underlying cause.

• During shock, the body struggles to survive, calling on all its homeostatic mechanisms to restore blood flow.

Classification of the shock state :-

1. Hypovolemic shock

2. Cardiogenic shock

3. Obstructive shock

4.Distributive shock [i.e., neurogenic, anaphylactic, septic]

1. Hypovolemic shock:- Shock state resulting from decreased intravascular volume due to fluid loss.

2. Cardiogenic shock:- Shock state resulting from impairment or failure of the myocardium.

3. Obstructive shock:- It is a form of shock associated with physical obstruction of the great vessels or the heart itself.

•Pulmonary embolism and cardiac tamponade are considered forms of obstructive shock.

4. Distributive shock:- Shock state resulting from displacement of intravascular volume creating a relative hypovolemia and inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells.

a. Neurogenic shock:- Shock state resulting from loss of sympathetic tone causing relative hypovolemia.

b. Anaphylactic shock:- Distributive shock state resulting from a severe allergic reaction producing an acute systemic vasodilation and relative hypovolemia.

Sepsis:- Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

c. Septic shock:- A subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory and cellular metabolism abnormalities are profound enough to substantially increase mortality.

There are some terms related to shock condition which are discussed below:-systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a syndrome resulting from a clinical insult that initiates an inflammatory response that is systemic, rather than localized to the site of the insult

• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome: A syndrome resulting from a clinical insult that initiates an inflammatory response that is systemic, rather than localized to the site of the insult.

•Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: Presence of altered function of two or more organs in an acutely ill patient such that interventions are necessary to support continued organ function