The normal range for adults is considered to be between 36°C and 37.5°C (96.8°F to 99.5°F).
There are two primary alterations in body temperature:
1.Pyrexia
2.Hypothermia
1. PYREXIA :- A body temperature above the usual range is called pyrexia, hyperthermia , or (in lay terms) fever.
A very high fever, such as 41°C
(105.8°F), is called hyperpyrexia.
The client who has a fever is referred to as febrile; the one who does not is afebrile.
Four common types of fevers are intermittent, remittent, relapsing, and constant.
•Intermittent fever :- The body temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. An example is with the disease malaria.
•Remittent fever :- As with a cold or influenza, a wide range of temperature fluctuations (more than 2°C [3.6°F]) occurs over a 24-hour period, all of which are above normal.
• Relapsing fever :- Short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature.
•Constant fever :- The body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal. This can occur with typhoid fever.
•Fever spike :- A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours is called a fever spike.
Bacterial blood infections often cause fever spikes. In some conditions, an elevated temperature is not a true fever.
Two examples are heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
Heat exhaustion :- It is a result of excessive heat and dehydration. Signs of heat exhaustion include paleness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting, and a moderately increased temperature (38.3°C to 38.9°C [101°F to 102°F]).
Heat stroke :- Generally, It have been exercising in hot weather, have warm, flushed skin, and often do not sweat. They usually have a temperature of 41.1°C (106°F) or higher, and may be delirious, unconscious, or having seizures.
2.Hypothermia :- It is a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal.
The three physiological mechanisms of hypothermia are
(a) excessive heat loss.
(b) inadequate heat production to counteract heat loss.
(c) impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation.
Valporate writer 