Psychologist have identified several principles of learning also referred to as laws of learning.
The various laws of learning are as under:
• Law of readiness
Learning takes place best when a person is ready to learn. Some sort of preparatory attitude or a mindset is necessary.
• Law of effect
A successful reaction gives satisfaction and unsuccessful reaction gives annoyance to the individual. Thus, pleasure and pain have their effects on learning reactions.
• Law of exercise/Use
Native reactions are strengthened by practice. The use of any response strengthens it and makes it more prompt, easy and certain.
• Law of frequency
It is correlated to law of use. The more frequently a connection or response is exercised the stronger the connection becomes.
• Law of disuse
Any learning process which is not practiced for sometimes gradually decays.
Material without any meaning is quickly forgotten.
• Law of recency
It is correlated with law of disuse. The more recent is the exercise, the stronger is the connection between the situation and the response.
And the connection between a situation and the response is weakened gradually through disuse.
• Law of purpose
With a clear or definite goal in mind, the student works towards a definite purpose.
• Law of association
It is on the basis of association of ideas we can explain how one idea gives way to the other and so on.
Example :- When we say Taj Mahal, we recall it is made of marble because these ideas are closely associated with one another.
The laws which governs the association of ideas are as follows:
* law of similarity
* law of contrast
Valporate writer 